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• Kramer, R. M. (1985). "The Future of the Voluntary Agency in a Mixed Economy." The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science 21(4): 377.

Voluntary nonprofit organizations could become indistinguishable from public and for-profit social service organizations under current entrepreneurial trends. As their dependence on government funding has grown, voluntary organizations increasingly have functioned as vendors of government social services, while many have pursued entrepreneurial business ventures to replace declining private donor support and increasing competition for scarce government funds. Under vendorism and entrepreneurialism, voluntary agencies have begun emphasizing bureaucratic administration, professionalism, standardization, and economic efficiency in service provision. This emphasis threatens the independence, flexibility, uniqueness, and basic missions of voluntary agencies. To ensure continued survival and to protect against goal deflection, voluntary organizations must reformulate their traditional roles and emphasize their distinctive competencies, focusing on service specialization and advocacy for the neglected, disadvantaged, and underserved.