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Cox, A., D. Chicksand and P. Ireland (2005). 'Overcoming demand management problems: The scope for improving reactive and proactive supply management in the UK health service'. Journal of Public Procurement 5(1): 1-22.
http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=892865651&Fmt=7&clientId=44986&RQT=309&VName=PQD
This paper demonstrates, using empirical cases from the National Health Services (NHS), how existing practices in demand specification, procurement and supply management fail to address the significant problems caused by the misalignment of demand and supply. When examining internal demand management a number of problems arise including:

• product overspecification,
• premature establishment of design and specification,
• frequent changes in specification,
• poor demand information,
• fragmentation of spend,
• maverick buying,
• inter-departmental power and politics, and
• the risk-averse nature and culture of the organisation.

It is argued that unless these problems are addressed and eliminated the NHS will not be in a position to select the most appropriate reactive or proactive approach from the range of sourcing options available. An improvement path that NHS Trusts might follow to achieve more efficient and effective procurement and supply management is outlined.