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• Zeffane, R. and R. Rugimbana (1995). "Management in the less-developed countries: A review of pertinent issues, challenges and responses." Leadership & Organization Development Journal 16(8): 26.

Some of the pertinent issues of management and organization facing less developed countries (LDC) are presented. Based on a review of the most recent literature, the central place of culture in reflecting and explaining organizational behavior are illuminated. The controversies surrounding management and marketing, human resource management and those related to the adoption of new technology by LDCs are discussed.